MgO + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O

x            2x

Fe2O3 + 6HCl -> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O

 y             6y

CuO + 2HCl -> CuCl2 + H2O

z           2z

A--H2 dư----> MgO          + H2O

                         Fe

                         Cu

Fe2O3 + 3H2 -> 2Fe + 3H2O

ky

CuO + H2 -> Cu + H2O

kz

nH2O=1,62/18=0,09mol

Gọi nMgO=x, nFe2O3=y, nCuO=z (trong 4,8g hh A)

      nMgO=Kx, nFe2O3=Ky, nCuO=Kz (trong 0,09mol A)

=> kx+ky+kz =4,8

      3ky + kz= 0,09

=> 2ky = kx => 2y=x

                          40x + 160y +80z=4,8

                           nHCl=2x+6y+2z=5,84/36,5=0,16

=> x=0,02            => mMgO= 0,8g

      y=0,01                  mFe2O3=1,6g

      z=0,03                  mCuO=2,4g

*tk

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,25\cdot56=14\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6\left(g\right)\)

b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{FeSO_4}=0,25mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,25\cdot152=38\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25\cdot98}{10\%}=245\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{Cu}-m_{H_2}=258,5\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{38}{258,5}\cdot100\%\approx14,7\%\)

pthh : Fe +H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ +H₂

theo bài ra số mol của h2 =0,15 (mol)

theo pt : nFe=nH₂=0,15 (mol)

mFe=0,15 .56 =8,4 (g) ⇒mCu=20-8,4=11,6 (g)

\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)

\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)

\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)

a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b 

=> 27a + 56b = 13,9

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)

=> 1,5a + b = 0,35

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) n_HCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)

=> m_HCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)

=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

1.GS có 100g dd $HCl$

=>m$HCl$=100.20%=20g

=>n$HCl$=20/36,5=40/73 mol

=>n$H2$=20/73 mol

Gọi n$Fe$(X)=a mol n$Mg$(X)=b mol

=>n$HCl$=2a+2b=40/73
mdd sau pứ=56a+24b+100-40/73=56a+24b+99,452gam

m$MgCl2$=95b gam

C% dd $MgCl2$=11,79%=>95b=11,79%(56a+24b+99,452)

=>92,17b-6,6024a=11,725

=>a=0,13695 mol và b=0,137 mol

=>C%dd $FeCl2$=127.0,13695/mdd.100%=15,753%

2.Bảo toàn klg=>mhh khí bđ=m$C2H2$+m$H2$

=0,045.26+0,1.2=1,37 gam

mC=mA-mbình tăng=1,37-0,41=0,96 gam

HH khí C gồm $H2$ dư và $C2H6$ không bị hấp thụ bởi dd $Br2$ gọi số mol lần lượt là a và b mol

Mhh khí=8.2=16 g/mol

mhh khí=0,96=2a+30b

nhh khí=0,06=a+b

=>a=b=0,03 mol

Vậy n$H2$=n$C2H6$=0,03 mol

3/

a/

CuO+2HCl→CuCl\(_2\)+H\(_2\)O

0,05 0,1 0,05

2Al+6HCl→2AlCl\(_3\)+3H\(_2\)

0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15(mol)

n\(_{H_2}\)=\(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}\)=0,15(mol)

m\(_{Al}\)=0,1.27=2,7(g)

⇔%m\(_{Al}\)=\(\dfrac{2,7}{6,7}.100\%\)≃40,3%

→%m\(_{CuO}\)=100%-40,3%=59,7%

b/

m\(_{CuO}\)=6,7-2,7=4(g)

n\(_{CuO}\)=\(\dfrac{4}{80}\)=0,05(mol)

m\(_{HCl}\)=(0,1+0,3).36,5=14,6(g)

m\(_{dd}\)=\(\dfrac{14,6.100\%}{14,6\%}\)=100(g)

m\(_{CuCl_2}\)=0,05.135=6,75(g)

C%\(_{CuCl_2}\)=\(\dfrac{6,75}{100}.100\%\)=6,75%

m\(_{AlCl_3}\)=0,1.133,5=13,35(g)

C%\(_{AlCl_3}\)=\(\dfrac{13,35}{100}.100\%\)=13,35%

1/

2Al+6HCl→2AlCl\(_3\)+3H\(_2\)

a a 3/2a (mol)

Fe+2HCl→FeCl\(_2\)+H\(_2\)

b b b (mol)

n\(_{H_2}\)=\(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\)=0,4(mol)

a/

gọi số mol của Al là a;số mol của Fe là b,ta có hệ phương trình:

27a+56b=11

\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a+b=0,4

⇔ a=0,2(mol)

b=0,1(mol)

→m\(_{Al}\)=27.0,2=5,4(g)

⇔%m\(_{Al}\)=\(\dfrac{5,4}{11}.100\%\)≃49,1%

→%m\(_{Fe}\)=100%-49,1%=50,9%

b/

m\(_{AlCl_3}\)=0,2.133,5=26,7(g)

m\(_{FeCl_2}\)=0,1.127=12,7(g)

→m\(_{muối}\)=26,7+12,7=39,4(g)

2Fe+3Cl\(_2\)→2FeCl\(_3\)

a 3/2a (mol)

Cu+Cl\(_2\)\(\rightarrow\)CuCl\(_2\)

b b (mol)

m\(_{Cl_2}\)=\(\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}\)=0,35(mol)

gọi số mol của Fe là a;số mol của Cu là b,ta có hệ phương trình:

56a+64b=18,4

\(\dfrac{3}{2}\) a+b=0,35

⇔ a=0,1(mol)

b=0,2(mol)

→mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)

⇔%m\(_{Fe}\)=\(\dfrac{5,6}{18,4}.100\%\)≃30,4%

→%m\(_{Cu}\)=100%-10,4%=69,6%

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

        1          2               1         1

       0,05    0,1           0,05      0,05 

    \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)

       1           2              1            1

      0,2       0,4            0,2

a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{MgO}=9,2-1,2=8\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Mg = \(\dfrac{1,2.100}{9,2}=13,04\)⁰/₀

⁰/₀MgO = \(\dfrac{8.100}{9,2}=86,96\)⁰/₀

b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,1+0,4=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)

c) \(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,05+0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{MgCl2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=9,2+125-\left(0,05.2\right)=134,1\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{23,75.100}{134,1}=17,71\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Mol:    0,05    0,1           0,05        0,05

PTHH: MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O

Mol:     0,2         0,4         0,2

\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.24.100\%}{9,2}=13,04\%;\%m_{MgO}=100-13,04=86,96\%\)

\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{9,2-0,05.24}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

b,\(m_{HCl}=\left(0,1+0,4\right).36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)

c,m_{dd sau pứ} = 9,2+125-0,05.2 = 134,1 (g)

 \(C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,05+0,2\right).95.100\%}{134,1}=17,71\%\)

\(Mg + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + H_2\)     (1)

\(MgO + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + H_2O\)      (2)

Khí thu được là H₂

\(n_{H_2}= \dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05 mol\)

Theo PTHH (1):

\(n_{Mg}= n_{H_2}= 0,05 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}= 0,05 . 24= 1,2 g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}= 9,2 - 1,2= 8g\)

C%_\(Mg\)= \(\dfrac{1,2}{9,2} .100\)%=13,04%

C%_\(MgO\)= 100% - 13,04%=86,96%

b)

\(n_{MgO}= \dfrac{8}{40}=0,2 mol\)

Theo PTHH (1) và (2):

\(n_{HCl(1)}= 2n_{Mg}= 0,1 mol\)

\(n_{HCl(2)}= 2n_{MgO}= 0,4 mol\)

Suy ra: \(n_{HCl}= n_{HCl(1)} + n_{HCl(2)}\)

                     \(= 0,1 + 0,4= 0,5 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}= 0,5 . 36,5= 18,25g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd HCl} = \dfrac{18,25 . 100%}{14,6%}=125 g\)

_c)

\(\)Dung dịch sau pư: MgCl₂

Theo PTHH:

\(n_{MgCl_2}= \dfrac{1}{2} n_{HCl}= 0,25 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}= 0,25 . 95=23,75g\)

\(m_{dd sau pư} = m_{Mg} + m_{MgO} + m_{dd HCl}- m_{H_2}\)

               \(= 9,2 + 125 + 2 . 0,05\)

             \(=134,1 g\)

C%_{\(MgCl_2\)}=\(\dfrac{23,75}{134,1}. 100\)%=17,71%

a, PT: \(Fe+S\underrightarrow{t^o}FeS\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_S=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được Fe dư.

Chất rắn A gồm Fe dư và FeS.

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(pư\right)}=n_{FeS}=n_S=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2S}=n_{FeS}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ở cùng điều kiện nhiệt độ và áp suất, %V cũng là % số mol.

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2+0,1}.100\%\approx66,67\%\\\%V_{H_2S}\approx33,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl\left(dadung\right)}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{FeS}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) (1)

PT: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6\left(M\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!